Using Walsh's Classroom Sociometrics
Sociometrics is really quite simple. A survey is
constructed. This survey asks children to nominate children they
would like to sit with, play with, and/or work with. An example
of a great way to introduce the survey to the children would be
to say, "I want to redesign the seating arrangments to make
everyone as comfortable as possible." One could also ask
children who they would not like to do these activities with,
although I generally do not recommend this because it can cause
anger and resentment if children discuss their negative nominations
with one another. After collecting these surveys, a sociogram
may be constructed which graphically indicates who nominated whom.
Click
here to see a sample sociogram produced by Walsh's Classroom
Sociometrics.
With this information, one can identify cliques,
class divisions, and get a sense of the overall social structure
of the classroom. One may discover racial and/or gender segregation,
an intolerance of included children (i.e., those receiving special
education services), or homophobia in a classroom. Using sociometrics,
one may monitor the classroom interventions put into place to
remediate these problems.
The general mental health of a classroom can also
be monitored by calculating the percentage of reciprocated nominations,
and the number of children receiving reciprocated nominations.
This is calculated for you. Basically, the higher the percentage
of reciprocated nominations, the more likely the children are
to feel that they are an integral part of the classroom community.
Research shows that this is important if a child is to reach his/her
academic potential.
Walsh's Classroom Sociometrics also uses survey
information to identify those who are rejected, neglected (ignored),
popular, and controversial (a combination of positive and negative
nominations). This is graphically illustrated through a bar graph.
Click
here to see a sample bar graph produced by Walsh's Classroom
Sociometrics.
After identifying your "target population"
(the students with whom you plan to intervene), it is time for
you and/or your team to brainstorm and hypothesize why the particular
child or children are having social difficulties. Once your team
has selected an intervention, Walsh's Classroom Sociometrics can
be used to monitor the progress.
Group Seating Arrangements for Cooperative Classroom Environments
Placing children with mutual nominations into a
work group will facilitate their willingness to work with one
another. It can also make rejected and neglected children feel
more welcome. Before distributing a survey for this purpose, tell
the students that you want to accommodate their choices as much
as possible. After collecting the nomination choices and printing
a sociogram and bargraph, see who is popular, rejected, and neglected.
The following are step-by-step directions for arranging sociometric
groups.
While doing this, take academic skill level into
consideration so that each group has the same
proportion of high, average, and low achievers. After placing
children in sociometric groups,
direct each group to help one another during your first classroom
assignment with such things
as getting one another started, spelling, reading a specific word,
or explaining a concept.
One could also make it a classroom rule that students must ask
their group members for help
before calling for the teacher. It is generally more effective
to direct children to help
one another, rather than to tell them directly what to do.